Multilateral Trade A Burden On Economic Freedom Or An

Multilateral Trade: A Burden on Economic Freedom or an Equal Economic Opportunity Multilateral trade are commerce treaties between three or more countries. Multilateral trade can be one of the most important aspects of any nation’s economy. Many businesses rely upon trade between multiple countries to boost their economic growth and investment. It takes many years for a country to agree upon multilateral trade but once a treaty is passed, it allows all the nations involved to have equal trade opportunities. World Bank states, â€Å"In 2000, the countries of the world traded goods and services worth a total of $7.6 trillion. To put this number in perspective, on average, about one out of every four dollars of income in each country in the world†¦show more content†¦The U.S. goods and services trade deficit with NAFTA was $116 billion in 2007.† The economic advantages of NAFTA are substantial, in 2015 the trade administration has stated that trade had increased to $1.15 trillion. With such a drastic increase this has shown how valuable NAFTA is to the U.S. and certainly Mexico. According to the Foreign Trade Analysis, many businesses within Mexico rely on the trade agreement in order to ship their goods and services to the U.S. and Canada without increased tariffs, for example, the Mexican local-content requirements. Many businesses within the U.S. rely on Canadian oil. NAFTA decreased the price of oil imports which has lead to a more powerful economic partnership. According to U.S. Energy Information Administration, the U.S. imported $37.8 billion worth of crude oil in 1993. Most of the oil imports came from Saudi Arabia with 18.4 percent, only 14 percent of that came from Canada. The department states, â€Å"In 2014 Canada sold the U.S. $85.6 billion, or 33.8percent of $253 billion in total crude imports.† Canada’s oil has grown 997 percent, nearly all of Canada’s imports of oil has gone towards the U.S. NAFTA greatly benefited three types of industry within the U.S.; Healthcare, agriculture and automotive, due to an increase in exports. Sales grew to 0.5 percent for many of these industries according to the US Energy Administration. The reason for such an increase is due to Mexico being a large exporterShow MoreRelatedVulnerabilities Amoung Poor Women and Children1260 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility to cater for that person, they carry the major responsibility of bringing up children child bearing slows down women’s academic freedom and career progression, they also are the most susceptible to HIV/AIDS as well as the Structural Adjustment Policies of the IMF and World Bank which made many women to be laid off from work thereby causing extra burden on the household. The specific problems faced by children from poor household’s are_ inability to access social services such as educationRead MoreInternational Factors and Multinational Corporations1724 Words   |  7 PagesRegional Trade Agreements and Global trade liberalization are common terms that are used to analyze different market structures in the market. According to international economics, RTAs (Regional Trading Agreements) are the agreements in which members give each another privileged treatment with respect to the extent by which the trade barriers have been established. On the other side, Global Trade liberalization is a general term referring to the depletion of trade boundaries globally to ensure freeRead MoreEssay on A Plan for the Resolution of the Argentine Debt Crisis3077 Words   |  13 PagesArgentina has suffered from one of the worst economic crises of its history. Mired by currency devaluation, diminished business confidence, contracting GDP, and a large current accounts deficit, the Argentine economy is, at very best, weak. Of its problems, Argentina’s international debt is of greatest concern. Servicing the debt has created a large financial burden for t he Argentine government limiting the steps it has been able to take to stimulate economic growth. Since temporarily stopping paymentRead MoreEssay on Italys Economic Growth1556 Words   |  7 Pagesit appears to be one of the most developed countries in Europe, Italy is somewhat of a laggard in globalization. Ranking twenty-third in world population, Italy stands at 56,126,212 people as of July 2009. The north and south seem to be split in economic terms with the north being well developed industrially and the south facing high unemployment and poverty. Italy is a democratic republic that replaced a monarchy back in 1946. Although it ranks seventh in world GDP and public debt and attractsRead MoreEssay about Double Taxation1718 Words   |  7 Pagesand the justification for adopted such system. Systems adopted by countries to ameliorate the burden of International Double Taxation Double taxation is always considered to be one of the most important issues in international taxation. With the more and more business moving towards globalization and cross-border investment, double taxation is often cited as a major obstacle to liberate economic progress. There are basically three types of systems for double taxation relief, the exemption systemRead MoreTerrorism And The United Nations Security Council1351 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism by its very nature disrupts international peace and security through premeditated, political violence. The 11th September attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon disrupted the global economy. The attacks spawned and facilitated widespread personal fear, panic and economic dislocation (Bergen, 2002). According to the United Nations Security Council, one of the objectives of the terrorists was to create a state of global anarchy by means of influencing the conduct of governmentRead MorePolicymakers have a range of tools to use in conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruction.3200 Words   |  13 Pagesand effect, the political, economic, and military tools policy makers use ties to traditional methods of conflict resolution. However, as conflicts have evolved to occupy the larger and more public stages following globalization, so have the tools. Globalization not only increased state-to-state awareness of inequalities in wealth and resources, but also within states; increasing tension along ethnic and tribal lines. (Bercovitch and Jackson, 5) The political, economic, and military tools used inRead MoreDevelopment Of The Middle East And Asia5825 Words   |  24 Pages1980, the United treaties Agreement for the Investment of Arab Capital was signed in the Arab States creati ng an Arab Investment Court and its first decision was given in the case of Tanmiah v. Tunisia, 12 October 2004. In addition, the European Economic Community (EEC) and some African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states concluded the Lom? III and Lom? IV Conventions, both of which had sections addressing investment.(42) In 2007, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) embracedRead MoreDevelopment Of The Middle East And Asia5825 Words   |  24 Pages1980, the United treaties Agreement for the Investment of Arab Capital was signed in the Arab States creating an Arab Investment Court and its first decision was given in the case of Tanmiah v. Tunisia, 12 October 2004. In addition, the European Economic Community (EEC) and some African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states concluded the Lom? III and Lom? IV Conventions, both of which had sections addressing investment.(42) In 2007, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) embracedRead MoreThe Brics4339 W ords   |  18 PagesB CHAPTER FOUR THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OBJECTIVES †¢ To appreciate the importance of the economic analysis of foreign markets †¢ To identify the major dimensions of international economic analysis †¢ To compare and contrast the economic indicators of countries †¢ To profile the characteristics of the types of economic systems †¢ To discuss the idea of economic freedom †¢ To profile the idea, drivers, and constraints of economic transition CHAPTER OVERVIEW When companies source,

What Is Anthropology During This Semester, I Grasped A

What is Anthropology? During this semester, I grasped a better understanding of human-kind through the explanation of culture and biology. I learned a lot about how people live in different regions of the world and how cultures are linked. I believe that because we questioned what we knew about human diversity in the past, we have gained a better idea of the people and the world around us. People like Sebastian Munster, who drew maps of new lands and kept a catalog of human diversity, Caption Cook, who find new regions from his voyages around the world, Johnaan Blumenback, the first anthropologists who divided the human species through common origin, E.B. Taylor, who could express stages of cultural evolution and the progress, and so many†¦show more content†¦Some of the methods I used during my ethnographic research consisted of interviewing, observing, detailed records, unobstructed view, and a written account. I wanted to keep each interview in chronological order, so I a m going to talk about events in the order in which they happened in her life. One of the first interviews I conducted of my mother was when I took her to her doctor’s appointment on Friday, March 5th, because of procrastination, I had little time to write this paper, so I conducted interviews whenever and wherever I could. We first talked about her ancestral background or genealogy, which includes her parents, grandparents, and great grandparents on both sides. On Debra’s mother’s side of the family or maternal side, she was told that her great grandparents were born in Portugal, that they migrated from Portugal, approximately before 1910 in search of the â€Å"American Dream.† They migrated for the better opportunities that were present in the united states at the time, she is not quite she exactly when and why but the gold rush could have been a possible reason. Her great grandmother, name unknown, was 100% Portuguese and her great grandfather, name unk nown, was 100% Portuguese. Debra recalls at the age of 5 years old, she had an opportunity to meet her great grandmother who at the time she remembers being bedridden. She only remembers meeting her one time and is unsure of the reason why she was not able to see her more than just that once.

HRM case study new director of human resource free essay sample

After thoroughly study of the case of Mount Ridge Engineering’s corporate human resource structure and plant operation procedures, we found current relationships between human resource policies and actual plant operations are very weak. Although we can say that the human resource department has established a fairly complete set of procedures and policies, the actual implementation of the policies at plant level operations do not seem to be thorough enough, no employee implement those rules. Especially, the staffing function is very weak. There is no proper linkage between corporate HR structure and operations at the plant level. In other word there is no chain of command kind of linkage between them. It seems that operations office can do the HR functions by themselves like hire and fire which is in fact corporate HR department’s sole function. Even in the termination form there is only Employee’s signature and Plant supervisor’s signature i. e. no control of the corporate HR department at all. The reason behind leave seems to be written by the supervisor not the employee, this is not logical. In fact, forcing a person for signing on the blank form of termination notice is completely illegal and against the labor act (if the allegation of Johnson is true). This may create a big legal problem in future. Here are the examples which show the indistinct relationship between corporate human resource structure and operations at the plant level: Johnson would like to have a promotion due to know a good deal about the equipment operator’s job. But seems the standard promotion channel was not set up or Braxton didn’t follow the system when doing evaluation. Hence Johnson did lots but still couldn’t get the promotion from Braxton. Johnson didn’t follow personnel regulations as Johnson was not satisfied with the annual evaluation, hence, he was absent without notifying his boss. Braxton took advantage of his authority to terminate Johnson as on the termination letter his signature was enough to terminate him. Considering most of the facts, several causes found for this situation, some of them are Rapid expansion preventing proper dissemination of human resource policies. Lack of comprehensive human resource training program. Lack of proper human resource related internal controls. Retention culture has not yet developed (to hire a new staff is more expensive than to retain the old staff). Because of such relationship between corporate HR structure and operations at plant it has created a long term negative impact on the whole organization itself. As described by Newcobe, one of their biggest problems has been getting management-especially plant management to understand the legal and governmental regulations affecting HR procedures. Over the years there have been situations where supervisors have not followed company policy. An example of this adverse impact is Johnson’s case. Though Newcombe had already developed many benefit packages of human resource as company policies at the beginning, seems nobody followed. Such as, Johnson didn’t notify his supervisor when he’s absent, Braxton added the incorrect reason through the termination form for Johnson’s leave, and the job Johnson did was out of employee handbook. One of the important goals of the company is to remain nonunion. But if the situation get more bad shape there may be chance of discrimination, deprivation and finally the company can get unionized. If the situation gets continued, the company can even get warning or punishment from department of labor, which will adversely affect the competitive advantage. Question-2: How should Newcombe have handled this situation? Answer: First of all Newcombe should investigate whether allegations made by Bud Johnson are true or not. A fair decision cannot be made without hearing from both sides in an unbiased manner. She needs to investigate if there were any fraction between Braxton and Johnson. After all investigations, if she finds that Braxton is to be blamed for all the mess, then necessary disciplinary actions should be taken against Braxton according to company’s policy. We can suggest some alternative solutions to Newcombe to handle this situation: Correcting the leave reason for Johnson as per his request and don’t let the issue to go outside the organization. Try to retain Johnson by incrementing reasonable amount in salary as he deserves higher salary as per his extraordinary performance. Re-designing the termination form and process procedure. The HR department should be involved in the sign loop, employees should maintain the reason of leave and no revise of the termination form is allowed. For the process procedure, all termination forms should be feedback to HR department and the employees should have the interview with HR department as well. Maintain a HR officer in each plant. If it is expensive, at least corporate office can train a person in each plant to look after the HR function and report to the corporate HR Department. Auditing each department to know if it implements company policy or not. Setting up a communication channel for employees to highlight or for related supervisors to ask help. Reviewing the employee handbook and make sure that all managers know the employee handbook is a legal concern as well. (Due to a jury construed the handbook as a contract of employment that was breached by the employer. ) Considering the company current policy that was low cost production, the short-term best alternative will be â€Å"Re-design the termination form and process procedure†. And in order to make sure all related departments all clear with company policies, auditing activity can be held at the end of the year. Hiring of additional HR personnel is also necessary to support related activities. Question-3: What, if any, disciplinary action should have been taken against the plant superintendent (Braxton) at the time of the incident? Answer: First of all, before taking any kind of disciplinary action and decision, the higher authority of corporate HR1 department shall listen to the arguments of both Braxton and Johnson. To verify about their arguments, management can take interview of their respective colleagues and supervisors independently. Here all allegations made by Johnson may not be 100% true. It is hard to believe that he had been asked by Braxton to sign a blank form and added the incorrect reason after he had signed the form. Its Johnson’s fault as well if he signed on a blank form and be absent without any notification. So, after investigation whoever is found to be guilty shall be punished. The nature of punishment shall be based on the company’s written policy, labor act etc. If after investigation, it is found that Braxton has personal problems with other staffs as well, then some strong disciplinary measures must be taken against him, which may be even termination from the job. But, if the relationship was sour only with Johnson, then Braxton should be warned about it and should be notified that if similar incidents occur again in future, he might be terminated from the job. He can also be transferred to another plant with warning. Question-4: If Johnson’s allegations were true, what are the legal ramifications of Braxton’s behavior? Answer: If Johnson’s allegation were true, it will probably put the company in an illegal situation. Making Johnson to sign on a blank sheet of termination notice and making a wrong statement (by choosing justification as â€Å"voluntary quit to make another job†), which in fact is supposed to be selected as â€Å"Dissatisfied pay†, can be regarded as crime and against labor law. It is very clearly written in the Notice of Termination that exact reasons of termination should be filled up whatever it may be. So, if this issue goes to the media and labor union of other competitor’s company, it can create big trouble to Mount Ridge. Now they don’t have union, but to get their right, staff can make union with a lot of demand. Braxton may sentence to jail and fired off from the company. The company’s fame may get tarnished which may damage the overall performance and financial situation as well, in the worst case. So, it’s better if the company negotiate with Johnson so that he won’t go to Department of Labor. Moreover, I think it is also good for the company to retain such employee who is laborious and intelligent. With rewards and necessary trainings he can prove himself to be a valuable asset to the company itself. Qestion-5: Describe Mount Ridge’s business strategy. What is the relationship between its business strategy and its human resource practices? Answer: Cost Leadership is the Mount Ridge’s Business Strategy. In order to make the plants very efficient and cost effective, Mount Ridge has chosen a new technology which generates electricity as well as steam, known as â€Å"cogeneration†. It chooses its plant sites in vicinity nearby industrial plants, which utilizes steam and sell electricity to the local utility. Starting with a single plant in Kentucky it had planned financed to build seven new plants over next five to eight years of which 5 plants already ready. In addition to this Mt. Ridge has also planned to build an additional 2 to 3 plants in the Northeast where the demand for cogeneration plant is very strong. Their basic business strategy is to catch the market where they have more competitive advantage, where demand is more but electricity price is high. In order to meet its business strategy Mt. Ridge has also followed some HR practices like developing job descriptions, a salary program, benefit packages for both corporate and plant personnel, supervisor’s manual and other basic personnel policies. Starting with just 5 personnel, it has recruited additional 34 people at corporate head quarter and 183 new employees in the plants. The company has also forecasted to build their human resource as approximately 650 to serve its total nine plants by the end of next 2 to 3 years. The company’s policy is to make their organization union free. In order to reinvest the company’s profit into future plant expansion, Mt. Ridge doesn’t have any profit-sharing plan but in order to motivate it’s the relationship between internal staff enjoyable, productive and loyal, every year they run â€Å"employee appreciation dinner† program at every plant where president and other corporate officers also attend at the party. Because, the company’s founder/president himself values a sound relationship with its employees. He believes that productivity and loyalty can be harvested from employees by maintaining a good relationship. But it seems the same message has not been properly practiced throughout the organization. In addition to above, from the case, we may understand that the company’s strategy is to centralize HR function. However, now the relationship between HRD and other departments are not very close. Even in the Johnson case, the plant supervisor may decide by his own without noticing HRD. Moreover, he did not put a correct reason of Johnson’s resignation and probably will put the company in an illegal situation. We learned that the organization structure is quite loose. If most employees do not have a clear picture of the company’s basic policy and regulation, through the company’s expanding, they will hire more and more employees and then similar cases will happen again. HRD should provide a combination of administrative expertise and act as a strategic partner within their company. Question-6: What strategic human resource issues will Newcombe likely face as the company expands to the Northeast? How might this expansion affect the structure of the organization and its human resource department? Answer: As per the case study Mount Ridge has forecasted to grow to a total of nine plants and approximately 650 corporate and plant employees over the next two or three years (by adding 2-3 plants in the Northeast). This is almost 3 times expansion of the human resource (from 183 to 650), just within 3 years. That means a very large expansion of resources on the HR point of view. Though Mount Ridge is expanding its human resources, but they have not thought to solve the present problems of the HRM yet. If without solving the present HR problem they only concentrate on expanding the plants and generate revenue, the case like Johnson may repeat or even more complicated bad situation may arise which in turn degrade the performance of the whole organization and the company cannot achieve their goal, that’s sure. Before expanding their new plants, they must well plan the human resources; they must reorganize and revitalize their present organization structure. Present organization structure is quite loose. If most employees do not have a clear picture of the company’s basic policy and regulation, through the company’s expanding, they will hire more and more employees and then similar cases will happen again. HRD should provide a combination of administrative expertise and act as a strategic partner within their company. Through this article, we can see that the Human Resources would face a lot of problems such as the older Human Resource policies, understand the legal and governmental regulations, and the benefits should be changed to fit the right now situations. For example, if the employees got a promotion or dissatisfied with his pay, who can ask for problem or answer them questions? Those are very important because the company may have same problem happen again in the Northeast. During the company expanding, they may need more employees which is hired only by H. R. department at corporate headquarter. If laborer got problem, the H. R. cannot be directly to handle. As this case, the structure of organization should have to make a little change for more efficiency. Although Newcombe had developed benefit packages such as employee handbook, job description, a salary program, a supervisor’s manual, and other basic personnel policies, those are too old to handle right now situations. The biggest problems have been getting management to understand the legal and governmental regulations. Because of the corporate headquarter, laborer got problem, the H. R. cannot be directly to handle. Thus I would recommend that Newcombe should slightly change the structure of organization, update HR Policy and properly implement it from plants to corporate head quarter.

II Essay Example For Students

II Essay Essay IIIn the stories A Moment before The Gun WentOff and The Lottery, there is the situation inwhich a group of people cling to traditions veryblindly. In both stories the traditions are so duginto the peoples way of life that questioning themis considered sacrilege within these communities. Furthermore, the members of the community no longereven remember why the traditions were set up in thefist place. They follow the traditions simplybecause their predecessors followed the traditions. Another similarity between the communities in bothstories is, even though these traditions are firmlyentrenched in these communities, they are rapidlylosing there grip in other communities. This detailis not only mentioned in both stories, but lookeddown upon by communities that still follow thetraditions. In the story The Lottery, the tradition is tohold a lottery on a specific summer day, butinstead of winning a cash prize or some other goodthing, the winner gets to be stoned to death by themembers of the community. The character that ismentioned most in this story is one by the name ofMrs. Hutchinson. Mrs. Hutchinson is a devotedmother and housewife. She is the one who eventuallygets singled out to win the lottery. So it is Mrs. Hutchinson who is impacted the most brutally by thelottery. However the other people of the villageare affected differently by the lottery. It is veryunlikely that the people of the village kill peoplefor the sake of killing people. More likely thereis a deeper reason. One possibility is that thepeople of this village of this village are lookingfor a scapegoat. A person to take the blame formistakes and sins of others, so one person dies fora community and saves the community from whateversins that had been committed. The society can be affected in many ways by thelottery. Other neighbor societies have beenaffected by the lottery, many have abandoned thetradition of the lottery. Even in the communitywhere the story takes place many of the ritualsthat go along with the lottery are fading into thepast to be forgotten forever. An example of thiswould be the chant that originally went with thelottery. Depending on how well the villagescommunicate with one another determines the fate ofthe lottery. If the people responsible forabolishing the lottery in other towns spread theirpreaching, there is a chance the tradition of thelottery could be destroyed. Another factor thatdictates the future of the lottery is thepopulation of the village, if the village growslarge there are more people with all kinds of newideas, a few of which could be to get rid of thelottery. Eventually the societies that are home tothe lottery will deal with their sins and end thetradition of the lottery. The story A Moment before The gun Went Off isone that takes place in Africa. In the story theWhite minority are the ones in charge. In thisparticular society, blacks are the blue collardworkers while the whites take the higher positions. The main character of the story is Mr. Van derVyver. In the story Mr. Van der Vyver accidentallykills a young farm hand by the name of Lucas. Mr. Van der Vyver is more than Lucass employer he ishis father, so Mr. Van der Vyver feels truly sorryfor killing Lucas. Mr. Van der Vyver does notgrieve with his wife for the death of their sonbecause he is not married to the Lucass mother. .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .postImageUrl , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:hover , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:visited , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:active { border:0!important; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:active , .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c06c8b53acd29b9123c3b579dd7b6aa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hobbit - Summary EssayThe tradition in this story is that interracialmarriages do not occur. While this tradition is notas brutal as the one from the Lottery it is justas sad. I believe that the society from A MomentBefore The Gun Went Off will suffer the same fateas that of the one from The Lottery. Traditionwill give way to change, blacks will hold highsocial positions, whites will marry blacks. One wayor another this will be the eventual fate of thecommunity no matter how hard the whites try toseparate the black from the whites. In both these stories there is a some sort oftradition that grips the communities very tightly. These traditions may have been vital for thesurvival of the communities in the past, however astime passes the need for these traditions becomesnonexistent. As the communities grow and becomecloser to others the process of abandoning thetraditions speeds up. this is because there is morecommunication between the people of different sex,religion and color. Category: English